Characteristics

• Dermatitis: localized skin inflammation caused by irritation, allergens, or immune responses to infusion or delivery system.¹
• Often presents as redness, swelling, itching, or a rash around the injection site and may be accompanied by dryness or flaking. In severe cases, blisters or erosions can develop.¹
• Symptoms can vary in severity from mild irritation that resolves on its own to persistent inflammation requiring medical treatment.¹
• Allergic contact dermatitis occurs in sensitized individuals who develop an immune response after repeated contact with specific allergens. It typically appears at the site of allergen contact, but the rash can spread beyond the area of contact.
• Patch testing remains the definitive gold standard for diagnosing allergic contact dermatitis.
• Irritant contact dermatitis: more common, and may include erythema, scaling, edema, vesiculation, and erosions in acute cases. Erythema, lichenification, hyperkeratosis, and fissures in chronic cases.
• Allergic and irritant reactions may be indistinguishable based solely on visual assessment, as both can present with characteristics similar to eczema.

Causes

• Common triggers of dermatitis include the medication itself, the adhesive used for securing infusion devices, or improper aseptic techniques.¹

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1. Forkel S, Buhl T. Allergic Contact Dermatitis After Injection of Local Anesthetic. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2020;8(6):2060-2061.